If you’re running Ubuntu 22.04 or 24.04 with LXD and planning to migrate to Incus, you’re likely in for an unpleasant surprise. The official lxd-to-incus migration tool only supports LXD up to version 5.21, but Ubuntu’s snap package manager has silently auto-updated your LXD installation to version 6.7, making the official migration path impossible. This…
Running a production mail server means more than getting it installed and configured correctly. It means knowing when something goes wrong, ideally before your clients do. This article covers a practical monitoring approach for Postfix that alerts you to delivery failures, TLS handshake errors, and other problems that would otherwise sit silently in the logs….
On April 29, 2026, a vulnerability was publicly disclosed that affects virtually every Linux system built since 2017. CVE-2026-31431, nicknamed “Copy Fail,” is a local privilege escalation flaw in the kernel’s cryptographic subsystem. It allows any unprivileged user to gain full root access using a script of less than 800 bytes. No race conditions. No…
On April 21, 2026, Internet.nl rolled out a fully updated TLS test based on the latest NCSC-NL guidelines. Mail servers that previously passed the test may now show new warnings. This guide walks through the exact fixes on Debian 13 Trixie with Postfix 3.9 or later, based on hands-on troubleshooting on a production server. The…
A complete guide to installing OpenCloud 6.0 as a bare metal deployment inside a Debian 13 (Trixie) Incus container, compiled from source with libvips support for full image thumbnail generation including WebP, HEIC, and other modern formats. Why Bare Metal Instead of Docker? OpenCloud officially promotes Docker Compose for production deployments. Their own documentation includes…
Part 5 of the Building a Modern Mail Server on Debian 13 series Series Navigation: Introduction Part 4 established a production-ready mail server with Hall of Fame security status on internet.nl and excellent spam filtering through Rspamd. You now have: This is already a production-ready mail server suitable for most organizations. Part 5 is optional…
Part 4 of the Building a Modern Mail Server on Debian 13 series Series Navigation: Introduction The previous guides in this series established the foundation for a production mail server. Part 2 covered the core mail infrastructure with Postfix, Dovecot 2.4, MariaDB, and PostfixAdmin for web-based management. Part 3 added CrowdSec intrusion detection to protect…
Part 3 of the Building a Modern Mail Server on Debian 13 series Series Navigation: Introduction CrowdSec is a modern, collaborative intrusion prevention system (IPS) that protects your mail server from brute-force attacks, spam, and abuse. Unlike traditional tools like Fail2ban, CrowdSec: This guide provides battle-tested configurations based on real-world deployment and attack patterns. What…
Part 2 of the Building a Modern Mail Server on Debian 13 series Series Navigation: Introduction This guide walks you through installing and configuring the complete core mail server stack. By the end, you’ll have a fully functional mail server capable of sending and receiving email, with web-based administration for managing virtual domains and mailboxes….
Part 1 of the Building a Modern Mail Server on Debian 13 series Series Navigation: Introduction This is the first article in a comprehensive series on building a production-ready mail server from scratch. If you’re wondering why you should self-host email or why we’re not using all-in-one solutions like Mailcow or iRedMail, please read the…
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