In a previous article about setting up Incus on Hetzner Cloud, we showed how to configure a CAX11 server with a separate ZFS partition for optimal container management. This tutorial builds upon that setup and demonstrates how to safely upgrade the server from a CAX11 to a CAX21 instance, focusing on expanding the ZFS storage…
In our previous tutorial, we set up ZFS on Debian 12 and created a dedicated ZFS pool named incus-zfs. Now, we’ll continue by installing Incus, a powerful system container manager, and configuring it to use our ZFS storage backend. Prerequisites Adding the Incus Repository First, let’s add the official Incus repository to our system. Installing…
This guide is part of a series on setting up an Incus host server on Hetzner Cloud. It follows the initial article where we covered repartitioning the existing disk to create a dedicated 30GB partition for ZFS. This tutorial will walk you through the process of installing and configuring ZFS on Debian 12, with specific…
By default ZFS uses 50 % of the host memory for the “Adaptive Replacement Cache” (ARC). Allocating enough memory for the ARC is crucial for IO performance, so reduce it with caution. As a general rule of thumb, allocate at least 2 GiB Base + 1 GiB/TiB-Storage. For example, if you have a pool with…
In this tutorial, you will learn how to use Rsync to backup your LXD containers running on a ZFS storage pool to a remote host. Backing up your containers is an essential step in protecting your data and ensuring business continuity in case of any disaster. With Rsync, you can easily transfer the snapshot of…
If you try to delete a LXD container, you may get a “dataset is busy” error message because the dataset the container uses in the ZFS storage pool remains mounted in the namespace used by LXD. In this example, we will simulate this problem by trying to delete a container “alpine”. # lxc delete alpine…
Until recently, we were still running a number of legacy LXC containers, which for years performed important mission-critical tasks very stably and with no significant problems. However, we decided to convert them to LXD containers to create a more homogeneous server environment and to simplify management. Switching to LXD also means more functionality and the…
ZFS on Linux is without a doubt one of the most robust and powerful file systems available today. However, despite its high reliability, unexpected problems can occur quickly, especially with the underlying hardware. It is important that any error is immediately noticed and reported to the responsible system administrator, who can then intervene in time…
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